diff --git a/backend/migrations/2026_03_09_100000_create_roles_table.php b/backend/migrations/2026_03_09_100000_create_roles_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92eb5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/migrations/2026_03_09_100000_create_roles_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+use Hyperf\Database\Schema\Schema;
+use Hyperf\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Hyperf\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id()->comment('主键');
+            $table->string('name', 50)->unique()->comment('角色标识');
+            $table->string('label', 100)->comment('显示名称');
+            $table->text('description')->nullable()->comment('描述');
+            $table->timestampsTz();
+        });
+
+        // 种子数据
+        $now = \Carbon\Carbon::now();
+        \Hyperf\DbConnection\Db::table('roles')->insert([
+            ['name' => 'administrator', 'label' => '超级管理员', 'description' => '拥有系统全部权限', 'created_at' => $now, 'updated_at' => $now],
+            ['name' => 'developer', 'label' => '开发者', 'description' => '数据维护者，拥有所维护平台的全部数据权限', 'created_at' => $now, 'updated_at' => $now],
+            ['name' => 'accessor', 'label' => '数据访问者', 'description' => '按授权范围访问数据，可作为 API 调用用户', 'created_at' => $now, 'updated_at' => $now],
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     */
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('roles');
+    }
+};